Analysis of Formalization Approaches in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Sector Based on Experiences in Ecuador, Mongolia, Peru, Tanzania and Uganda: Uganda Case Study

Production of iron and salt in Uganda has occurred since ancient times; artisanal and small-¬scale gold mining (ASGM) is a much more recent phenomenon. The emergence of ASGM can be traced through four periods of minerals sector development over the past century. First, establishment of a number of colonial gold and tin mines across Southwestern Uganda between the 1920s and 1950s introduced small-¬scale mining to the indigenous Banyankore, Batoro, Bakiga, and other Bantu-¬speaking tribes of that region of the country. This led to small migrations into mining areas by various local tribes as well as Rwandese and Congolese, whose descendents still populate many of the mining areas today.