Green Industrial Policy: Concept, Policies, Country Experiences

This report examines how governments can steer structural change to build prosperous, low-carbon economies. It synthesizes conceptual foundations of green industrial policy, the economic and social co-benefits of greening, and concrete levers to accelerate change, including phasing out polluting sectors, fostering green technologies, pricing environmental resources, advancing circular economy models, and navigating trade and investment rules. Four case studies—Morocco’s renewables push, Germany’s Energiewende, China’s electric-mobility strategy, and Brazil’s ethanol policy—illustrate options across income levels and contexts. Produced by UN Environment and the German Development Institute within PAGE, it targets policymakers seeking pathways to align competitiveness, jobs, and environmental integrity.