Waste Stabilization Ponds and Constructed Wetlands: Design Manual

This manual provides comprehensive technical information about the planning, design, construction and operation of WSPs and CWs for a wide range of applications. To understand and design WSPs and CWs requires the involvement of expertise in a variety of fields, including chemistry, hydrology, soil science, plant biology, natural resources, environmental management, ecology, environmental engineering, surveying, and project management. This manual has been produced to provide necessary information regarding most aspects of the design and implementation of WSPs and CWs. Lack of such information, and an integrated approach, has led to the development of many WSPs and CWs that are inappropriate, under-performing, or poorly designed or maintained. The reasons for these problems include: Lack of appreciation by many designers of the complex, physical, biological and chemical processes within WSPs and CWs; Lack of consistency in design, construction and operation aimed at optimal performance; Lack of appropriate design tools and methodologies suitable for local conditions; and Changing nature of rapidly-developed technology.