Effective and Inclusive Instruments of International Cooperation for a Healthy, Resilient and Long-term Competitive Future for People and Planet

This document outlines multilateral environmental agreements as international legal instruments negotiated and ratified by countries to address urgent global environmental challenges through coordinated action. It explains their role in advancing science-based policies, strengthening governance, and supporting responses to climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution and resource management. The document presents examples across key areas of the United Nations Environment Programme’s work, including biodiversity, oceans, chemicals and climate. It also describes supporting mechanisms such as finance, capacity building and scientific assessment, and highlights implementation through national policies and legislation to achieve environmental, economic and public health outcomes.