Trade and Environment Briefings: International Transport - Policy Brief

This policy brief outlines how international aviation and maritime shipping drive trade whilst contributing significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. It evaluates market-based instruments, carbon taxes, and operational standards aimed at climate change mitigation, noting that regulation would support a green economy transition but could potentially lead to higher global transport costs. This creates complex implications for trade and equity, particularly for remote Small Island Developing States with large trade exposures. Key findings show that transport emissions are rising rapidly, yet establishing a comprehensive international agreement remains slow due to debates over equity and common responsibility.