POPs monitoring in developing countries, optimization, intercalibration and accreditation for delivering high quality data - Appendix

This appendix provides a technical analysis of the challenges and strategies for achieving high-quality monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in developing countries, in support of the global efforts under the Stockholm Convention. It discusses critical requirements such as laboratory accreditation, implementation of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) systems, and the use of certified reference materials and interlaboratory studies to ensure data accuracy and comparability. Based on findings from recent UNEP/GEF Global Monitoring Plan projects, the appendix offers targeted recommendations for cost-effective improvements—such as focusing capacity-building on select laboratories with reliable GC/MS and LC/MS instruments, streamlining sampling efforts, and prioritizing a core set of matrices and POPs. Through stakeholder interviews and case studies, it highlights persistent barriers including limited governmental commitment, equipment malfunctions, and insufficient technical training. The appendix emphasizes the importance of collaboration with organizations such as FAO and IAEA, and concludes with practical guidance to advance POPs monitoring capacity.