The Law of the Sea and the South Pacific

This UNEP-prepared report analyzes the legal, environmental, and political frameworks shaping the management of marine resources in the South Pacific. It highlights how the region’s 22 island nations—faced with limited land, fragile ecosystems, and threats from climate change and radioactive contamination—have used the UN Law of the Sea Convention to claim sovereign control over vast Exclusive Economic Zones. The report documents coordinated regional efforts by the Forum Fisheries Agency, SPREP, and SOPAC in areas like fisheries management, marine environmental protection, and resource development. It also outlines key regional agreements, including a multilateral fisheries treaty with the U.S. and the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, showcasing the region’s unified approach. From pollution control to climate adaptation, the report shows how regional institutions, with UNEP’s support, are helping South Pacific nations protect their ocean heritage and pursue sustainable development.