Enforcement of Environmental Law: Good Practices from Africa, Central Asia, ASEAN Countries and China

This document provides an overview of good practices and institutional approaches for strengthening the enforcement of environmental laws across selected countries in Africa, Central Asia, ASEAN regions, and China. Drawing on expert insights and interregional collaboration meetings organized under South-South Cooperation, the guide categorizes enforcement strategies into administrative, civil, and criminal mechanisms. It highlights practical examples—from mobile GIS enforcement tools in Malaysia to decentralized monitoring in Uganda—illustrating how countries address enforcement challenges. Emphasis is placed on inter-agency coordination, information sharing, public engagement, and capacity building, offering scalable, cost-effective practices suited to resource-limited contexts. Regional initiatives such as ASEAN-WEN, EANECE, and environmental judicial networks demonstrate the value of cross-border collaboration.