Outlook on Climate Change Adaptation in the South Caucasus Mountains

This report assesses climate change adaptation in the South Caucasus mountains across Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. It synthesizes observed warming, shifting precipitation, and rising hazards—floods, landslides, droughts—and maps risks to forests, water resources, agriculture, energy, tourism, and public health. It reviews policies and financing, finding early-stage, fragmented frameworks, weak coordination, limited data, and capacity shortfalls, especially in mountain regions. The report highlights case evidence from the Rioni River basin and identifies gaps alongside practical measures: ecosystem-based approaches, disaster risk reduction, information systems, regional cooperation, and stronger monitoring and evaluation to guide adaptation investments and protect vulnerable mountain communities.