Review of economic and livelihood impact assessments of, and adaptation to, climate change in Melanesia

This report provides a literature-based assessment of the economic and livelihood impacts of climate change, variability, and sea level rise in Pacific Island countries, with emphasis on Melanesia. It examines sectoral and economy-wide effects across agriculture, fisheries, tourism, water, health, and infrastructure, highlighting significant vulnerability due to reliance on natural resources and exposure to disasters. The analysis draws on qualitative and limited quantitative studies, noting major data gaps and weak baseline information that constrain robust cost estimation. It outlines methodological approaches, including integrated modelling and vulnerability assessments, and reviews existing adaptation practices. The report identifies capacity limitations, governance challenges, and the need for improved data systems to support context-specific adaptation planning and decision-making.