Once Burned, Twice Shy? Lessons Learned from the 1997-98 El Niño

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dc.contributor.authorUnited Nations Environment Programme
dc.contributor.organizationEcosystems Division
dc.contributor.otherGlantz, Michael
dc.coverage.spatialCuba
dc.coverage.spatialCosta Rica
dc.coverage.spatialPanama
dc.coverage.spatialEcuador
dc.coverage.spatialPeru
dc.coverage.spatialParaguay
dc.coverage.spatialEthiopia
dc.coverage.spatialKenya
dc.coverage.spatialMozambique
dc.coverage.spatialBangladesh
dc.coverage.spatialChina
dc.coverage.spatialPhilippines
dc.coverage.spatialViet Nam
dc.coverage.spatialIndonesia
dc.coverage.spatialPapua New Guinea
dc.coverage.spatialFiji
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-01T08:52:29Z
dc.date.available2019-10-01T08:52:29Z
dc.date.issued2001
dc.descriptionThis report examines the impacts of the 1997–1998 El Niño event and evaluates how countries perceived, forecast, and responded to the associated climate anomalies. It reviews scientific understanding of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and analyses how early warning information was generated, communicated, and used by decision makers. Drawing on case studies from multiple countries, the document assesses physical effects such as drought, rainfall anomalies, and disruptions to agriculture, water supply, and infrastructure, together with social and economic consequences. The report also investigates institutional preparedness, disaster management structures, and policy responses, highlighting issues in forecasting reliability, information dissemination, vulnerability assessment, and coordination among government agencies and international organisations involved in disaster risk reduction.en
dc.formatpdf
dc.identifier.isbn92-808-1063-4
dc.identifier.urihttps://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/30144
dc.languageEnglish
dc.page.number313 p.
dc.publisherUnited Nations University
dc.rights.accessLevelPublic
dc.subjectglobal warming
dc.subjectnatural disaster
dc.subjectclimate change
dc.subjectflood
dc.subjectcyclone
dc.subjecthurricane
dc.subject.sdgSDG 13 - Climate Action
dc.subject.themeclimate
dc.subject.themedisasters
dc.subject.themelegislation
dc.subject.themeconflict
dc.subject.themenatural areas
dc.subject.themelandscape
dc.subject.themeecosystems
dc.subject.themeenvironmental policy
dc.titleOnce Burned, Twice Shy? Lessons Learned from the 1997-98 El Niñoen
dc.typeTechnical report

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