Reconciling Trade and the Environment: Lessons from the North American Free Trade Agreement - Environment and Trade 3

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dc.contributor.organizationEconomy Division
dc.contributor.otherHousrnan, Robert
dc.coverage.spatialNorth America
dc.coverage.spatialLatin America and the Caribbean
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-12T17:36:26Z
dc.date.available2019-09-12T17:36:26Z
dc.date.issued1994
dc.descriptionThis document evaluates how the North American Free Trade Agreement incorporated environmental concerns and distills operational lessons for future trade regimes. It traces process choices—timing of integration, participation by environment agencies, NGOs, sub-federal bodies, and the public—and assesses the role of environmental reviews in informing policy. Substantively, it analyzes provisions on investment disincentives for regulatory “races to the bottom,” protection of international environmental agreements, and standards rules that affirm each party’s right to set protection levels, rely on science without demanding “dueling science,” allow precaution, and resist downward harmonization. It reviews dispute-settlement innovations and transparency gaps, the U.S.–Mexico Border Plan’s limits, and the side agreement creating the Commission for Environmental Cooperation with novel enforcement and citizen-submission mechanisms.en
dc.formatText
dc.identifier.urihttps://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/29873
dc.languageEnglish
dc.page.number73 p.
dc.publisherUnited Nations Environment Programme
dc.rights.accessLevelPublic
dc.subjecttrade agreement
dc.subjectenvironmental policy
dc.subjectregional cooperation
dc.subjectenvironmental agreement
dc.subjectAmericas
dc.titleReconciling Trade and the Environment: Lessons from the North American Free Trade Agreement - Environment and Trade 3en
dc.typeCommunication or other resource

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