Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the Caspian Sea: Volume Two

This report analyses the environmental conditions and transboundary issues affecting the Caspian Sea within its social, economic, and legal context. It describes the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the sea and outlines the regional development setting influencing environmental pressures. The analysis compiles scientific information, stakeholder input, and available monitoring data to evaluate major perceived problems and determine whether they are supported by evidence. The document identifies key regional concerns including declining commercial fish stocks, degradation of coastal landscapes and habitats, threats to biodiversity, invasive species, pollution, and contamination linked to offshore oil and gas activities. It also highlights data limitations, gaps in monitoring, and challenges in regional data sharing that affect environmental assessment across the basin.