Biofuels and environmental impact: scientific analysis and implications for sustainability

This policy brief presents an overview of the environmental impacts and sustainability implications of biofuel production. Drawing on input from 75 scientists across 21 countries, it examines the extent to which biofuels can support energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to rural development, while addressing associated environmental and socio-economic trade-offs. Key concerns include land use change, biodiversity loss, nitrogen runoff, and the potential for competition with food production. The analysis highlights regional disparities, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, and emphasizes the need for improved agricultural investment and infrastructure. The brief outlines strategies to align biofuel development with sustainability goals, including targeted land use planning, improved conversion technologies, and enhanced efficiency in energy systems. It underscores the importance of integrating biofuel policy within broader frameworks for climate mitigation, food and energy security, and biodiversity protection to support equitable and environmentally responsible outcomes.