Guidance manual for the regulating services of ecosystem

This manual presents guidance on the economic valuation of regulating ecosystem services to support environmental decision-making. It outlines the conceptual basis of ecosystem services, focusing on regulating functions such as climate, water, and disease control, and explains their role in human well-being and policy contexts. The document reviews valuation methodologies, including market and non-market approaches, and discusses their strengths, limitations, and data requirements. It examines challenges such as scale, uncertainty, and distinguishing between intermediate and final services. Through examples and case studies, it demonstrates how valuation can inform resource allocation, ecosystem management, and sustainable development by translating ecological functions into comparable economic terms.