Environmental Health Criteria 101: Methylmercury

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Health Organization
dc.contributor.organizationEconomy Division
dc.contributor.otherClarkson, Thomas
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-15T17:08:05Z
dc.date.available2019-08-15T17:08:05Z
dc.date.issued1990
dc.descriptionThis report reviews the scientific information on mercury, covering its identity, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods, sources, environmental transport, distribution and transformation. It examines environmental levels and human exposure, including estimated daily intakes, as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and retention in the human body. The report evaluates effects on organisms, experimental animals and in vitro systems, with particular attention to neurotoxicity, reproductive effects, developmental toxicity and carcinogenicity. It also examines human health effects, mechanisms of toxicity, dose-effect relationships, risk assessment, knowledge gaps and preventive measures.en
dc.description.tableofcontentsSummary and Conclusions 1.1 Identity, Physical and Chemical Properties, Analytical Methods 1.2 Sources of Human and Environmental Exposure 1.3 Environmental Transport, Distribution, and Transformation 1.4 Environmental Levels and Human Exposure 1.5 Kinetics and Metabolism 1.6 Effects on Experimental Animals and In Vitro Systems 1.7 Effects on Man – Mechanism of Action 1.8 Conclusions Identity, Physical and Chemical Properties, Analytical Methods 2.1 Identity 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties 2.3 Conversion Factors 2.4 Analytical Methods 2.4.1 Sampling 2.4.2 Analytical Procedures 2.4.3 Quality Control and Quality Assurance Sources of Human and Environmental Exposure 3.1 Natural Occurrence 3.2 Man-Made Sources 3.3 Uses Environmental Transport, Distribution, and Transformation 4.1 Transport and Distribution Between Media 4.2 Biotransformation 4.3 Interaction With Other Physical, Chemical, or Biological Factors Environmental Levels and Human Exposure 5.1 Environmental Levels 5.1.1 Air 5.1.2 Water 5.1.3 Food 5.2 General Population Exposure 5.2.1 Estimated Daily Intakes Kinetics and Metabolism 6.1 Absorption 6.2 Distribution 6.3 Metabolic Transformation 6.4 Elimination and Excretion 6.5 Retention and Turnover 6.6 Reference or Normal Levels in Indicator Media 6.7 Reaction With Body Components Effects on Organisms in the Environment Effects on Experimental Animals and In Vitro Test Systems 8.1 Neurotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity 8.2 Reproduction, Embryotoxicity, and Teratogenicity 8.3 Mutagenicity and Related End-Points 8.4 Carcinogenicity 8.5 Special Studies 8.6 Factors Modifying Toxicity; Toxicity of Metabolites Effects on Man 9.1 General Population Exposure 9.1.1 Effects on Adults 9.1.1.1 Effects on the Nervous System 9.1.1.2 Effects on Non-Nervous Tissue 9.1.2 Effects on Developing Tissues 9.1.2.1 Effects on the Nervous System 9.2 Occupational Exposure 9.3 Mechanisms of Toxicity 9.3.1 The Mature Organism 9.3.1.1 Mechanism of Selective Damage 9.3.1.2 The Latent Period 9.3.1.3 Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms 9.3.2 Developing Tissues 9.3.3 Summary 9.4 Dose-Effect and Dose-Response Relationships in Human Beings 9.4.1 Adult Exposure 9.4.1.1 The Minamata and Niigata Outbreaks 9.4.1.2 The Iraqi Outbreak 9.4.1.3 Exposed Populations in Canada 9.4.1.4 Other Fish-Eating Populations 9.4.1.5 Special Groups 9.4.1.6 Summary 9.4.2 Prenatal Exposure 9.4.2.1 Iraq 9.4.2.2 Canada 9.4.2.3 New Zealand 9.4.2.4 Summary Evaluation of Human Health Risks 10.1 Exposure Levels and Routes 10.2 Toxic Effects 10.2.1 Adults 10.2.2 Prenatal Exposure 10.3 Conclusions Recommendations 11.1 Gaps in Knowledge 11.2 Preventive Measures Previous Evaluations by International Bodies References Appendix
dc.formatpdf
dc.identifier.isbn92 4 157101 2
dc.identifier.urihttps://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/29413
dc.languageEnglish
dc.page.number147 p.
dc.publisherWorld Health Organization
dc.rights.accessLevelPublic
dc.subjectenvironmental health
dc.subjectchemical
dc.subjecttoxic substance
dc.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-Being
dc.subject.themechemistry
dc.subject.themechemical pollution
dc.titleEnvironmental Health Criteria 101: Methylmercuryen
dc.typeTechnical report

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