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T1 Cold Chain Technology Brief: Vaccines
T2 Note De Synthèse Sur Les Technologies De La Chaîne Du Froid Les: Vaccins
T2 ПАМЯТКА О ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЙ ЦЕПИ: ВАКЦИНЫ
T2 Nota informativa sobre la tecnología de la cadena de frío: vacunas
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A1 International Institute of Refrigeration, 
A2 Cavalier, Gérald
K1 refrigeration
K1 vaccine
K1 COVID-19
YR 2021
FD 2021
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/36732
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/36732
NO This brief outlines the role, requirements, and challenges of temperature-controlled logistics for vaccines, with emphasis on developments during the coronavirus pandemic. It explains how vaccines are highly sensitive to temperature variations, requiring specific storage ranges from moderate refrigeration to ultra-low conditions, and details how stability studies define these limits. It describes the structure of the supply chain, including production, transport, storage, and administration, alongside the equipment and practices used to maintain temperature control. The document also examines operational, logistical, and environmental challenges, including continuity, traceability, energy use, and the need for skilled personnel across the system. 
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 22, 2026