RT Report T1 Chapter 6: Data opportunities - Measuring Progress: Water-related Ecosystems and the SDGs A2 Dou, Changyong A2 Wang, Futao A2 Liu, Jie A2 Zuo, Lijun A2 Wang, Meng A2 Guo, Huadong A2 Lu, Shanlong A2 Li, Xiaosong A2 Chen, Yaxi A2 Chen, Yu K1 big data K1 data collection K1 environmental indicator K1 earth observation K1 citizen science K1 satellite image PB United Nations Environment Programme YR 2023 FD 2023-03 LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/42101 UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/42101 NO Big data sources are increasingly being recognized as new and innovative information sources for SDGs (MacFeely 2019; IAEGSDGS 2019; Tam and Van Halderen 2020). Many NSOs are already experimenting with big data in the production of official statistics, with initiatives catalogued by the United Nations Global Working Group on Big Data and the United Nations Global Pulse. Currently, the dominant big data types include Earth Observation (EO) data, citizen science, other sensor network data, commercial data, tracking data, administrative data, and opinion and behavioural data. Combined with advanced analytical techniques (e.g. machine learning, geospatial modelling and geostatistical modelling), they could contribute to the monitoring of 15 goals, 51 targets and 69 indicators (Allen et al. 2021), particularly those related to health and biodiversity.Full report is available at https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/41997 NO https://www.unep.org/resources/report/measuring-progress-water-related-ecosystems-and-sdgs DS UN Environment Document Repository RD Sep 17, 2026