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T1 Reducing Pollution and Health Impacts through Fiscal Policies - Policy Brief
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
K1 pollution
K1 environmental health
K1 family health
K1 fiscal policy
K1 sustainable development
K1 tax revenue
K1 fertilizer
K1 pesticide
K1 economy measure
YR 2020
FD 2020
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/33584
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/33584
NO This policy brief outlines how fiscal policies can reduce pollution and associated health impacts while supporting sustainable development goals. It examines the use of taxes, subsidies and subsidy reforms to address air pollution and chemical pollution from pesticides and fertilisers, drawing on country experiences from Sweden, Chile, Indonesia, Denmark and Norway. The document highlights evidence that well-designed fiscal instruments can discourage polluting activities, encourage cleaner alternatives, improve public health outcomes and generate public revenue. It also identifies key design considerations, including tax structure, political acceptability, stakeholder engagement, monitoring and compensation measures, to maximise effectiveness and support long-term pollution reduction.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 19, 2026