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T1 Global Status of Mangrove Ecosystems: Commission on Ecology Papers Number 3
A1 International Union for Conservation of Nature, 
A2 Saenger, Peter
A2 Hegerl, Eddie
A2 Davie, John
K1 mangrove swamp
K1 aquaculture
K1 agriculture
K1 solid waste management
YR 1983
FD 1983
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/29665
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/29665
NO This report examines the ecological characteristics, distribution, uses, and management of mangrove ecosystems in tropical and subtropical coastal regions. It compiles available data on global mangrove extent, species composition, and associated biological communities, drawing on published studies, questionnaires, and mapping techniques to describe their geographic distribution and ecological diversity. The document explains key ecological processes such as nutrient cycling, sediment dynamics, and the export of organic matter that supports estuarine food webs and fisheries. It also analyses major causes of mangrove degradation, including freshwater diversion, mining, coastal development, and land conversion. The report further reviews governance arrangements, international cooperation needs, and management approaches intended to support sustainable use and long-term conservation of mangrove resources.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 22, 2026