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T1 Yellow Sea: GIWA Regional Assessment 34
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A1 University of Kalmar, 
A2 Teng, S. K.
A2 Yu, H.
A2 Tang, Y.
A2 Tong, L.
A2 Choi, C. I.
A2 Kang, D.
A2 Liu, H.
A2 Chun, Y.
A2 Juliano, R. O.
A2 Rautalahti-Miettinen, E.
A2 Daler, D.
K1 natural resource
K1 resource conservation
K1 resource management
K1 water
K1 water analysis
K1 water conservation
K1 water consumption
K1 water demand
K1 water management
K1 water monitoring
K1 water protection
K1 water quality
K1 water resource
K1 water utilisation
K1 environmental assessment
K1 freshwater conservation
K1 freshwater degradation
K1 freshwater ecosystem
K1 freshwater monitoring
K1 freshwater pollution
K1 freshwater resource
K1 pollution control
K1 pollution cost
K1 water pollution
K1 environmental conservation
K1 environmental impact
K1 environmental impact assessment
K1 environmental protection
K1 coast protection
K1 coastal area
K1 coastal ecosystem
K1 coastal environment
K1 coastal pollution
K1 coastal water
K1 marine conservation area
K1 marine ecosystem
K1 sea resource
K1 sea water protection
K1 coastal fishing
K1 coastal management
K1 river basin development
K1 river management
K1 water resources conservation
K1 water resources development
K1 transboundary pollution
K1 environmental pollution
SN 1651-940X
YR 2005
FD 2005
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/8820
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/8820
NO This report presents the results of the GIWA assessment of the Yellow Sea region and the adjacent Bohai Sea sub-system. The Yellow sea is a semi-enclosed water body bordering the Chinese mainland to the west and the Korean Peninsula to the east. Results from the assessment of the Bohai sub-system, which is entirely located within China and therefore not considered transboundary, is also presented. Freshwater shortage, habitat and community modification and unsustainable exploitation of fish and other living resources were assessed to be the priority concerns in both sub-systems. The past and present status and future prospects are discussed, and the transboundary issues are traced back to their root causes. Increased population growth and mass migration to urban areas is a major root cause in this region. Policy options have been recommended to mitigate environmental and socio-economic impacts and to secure the region's future prosperity.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 18, 2026