RT null T1 Global Environment Outlook 6 - Chapter 13 A1 United Nations Environment Programme, A2 Mangalagiu, Diana A2 Mukherjee, Nibedita A2 Pascual, Dolors Armenteras A2 Davies, Jonathan A2 Gonçalves, Leandra Regina A2 Hills, Jeremy A2 McRae, Louise A2 Stoett, Peter A2 Dankelman, Irene A2 Hammami, Souhir A2 Wright, Caradee A2 Zastavniouk, Carol K1 biodiversity K1 environmental policy K1 marine area K1 Fiji K1 wildlife conservation K1 water policy K1 South Africa YR 2019 FD 2019 LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/27665 UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/27665 NO This chapter follows the twofold top-down and bottom-up policy effectiveness assessment framework outlined in Chapter 10. Key policies and governance approaches (top-down): A set of policy clusters and five specific policy instruments related to these clusters is presented. Five case studies are used as illustrative examples of these policy instruments (Table 13.1). The case studies are not intended to be representative. They were selected to cover the three dimensions of biodiversity (ecosystems, species and genetics), a range of approaches within the typology, a broad geographical distribution of examples, and varying degrees of success (see Section 10.6). Indicators (bottom-up): The case studies are followed by a review of three policy-relevant indicators (see Section 10.7), which track progress towards internationally agreed goals and targets, complementing the policy and governance approaches described above.Full report is available at: https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/27539 NO https://www.unep.org/resources/global-environment-outlook-6 DS UN Environment Document Repository RD Sep 23, 2026