RT Report
T1 Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-Products: Environmental Health Criteria 216
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A1 World Health Organization, 
A1 International Labour Organisation, 
K1 chemistry
K1 epidemiology
K1 risk assessment
K1 toxicology
K1 drinking water
K1 chlorine
K1 ozone
K1 carcinogen
K1 mutation
K1 by-product
SN 92 4 157216 7
YR 2000
FD 2000
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/29525
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/29525
NO Chlorine (Cl,) has been widely used throughout the world as a chemical disinfectant, serving as the principal barrier to microbial contaminants in drinking-water. The noteworthy biocidal attributes of chlorine have been somewhat offset by the formation of disinfectant by-products (DBPs) of public health concern during the chlorination process. As a consequence, alternative chemical disinfectants, such as ozone (0), chlorine dioxide (dO2) and chloramines (NII 2CI, monochloramine), are increasingly being used; however, each has been shown to form its own set of DBPs.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 16, 2026