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T1 Environmental Rule of Law and Human Rights in Asia Pacific: Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) - Summary for Decision-Makers and Recommendations
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A2 Cantley-Smith, Rowena
A2 Boer, Ben
K1 litigation
K1 public participation
K1 Asia and the Pacific
YR 2023
FD 2023-07
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/43137
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/43137
NO This summary for decision-makers highlights the growing threat of strategic lawsuits against the public (SLAPPs) in the Asia-Pacific region. These unfounded lawsuits, often initiated by powerful state or corporate actors, aim to silence environmental human rights defenders through judicial harassment and intimidation. The report highlights how SLAPPs undermine freedom of expression, public participation, access to justice and the rule of lawin the environmental sector — key pillars of sustainable development and human rights. It outlines global and regional trends, identifies common SLAPP users and targets, and describes the negative impacts on individuals, civic space and environmental policy. Using case studies and legal frameworks, it also presents strategies and best practises to combat SLAPP, including legislative measures in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia.
NO https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/environmental-rule-law-and-human-rights-asia-pacific-supporting-protection
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 21, 2026