RT null
T1 Towards Low Sulphur Fuels - ECOWAS & ARA Roadmap
A1 Economic Community of West African States, 
A2 Ogbuigwe, Tony
YR 2016
FD 2016-10
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/21479
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/21479
NO This document outlines a regional plan to cut sulfur in gasoline and diesel across ECOWAS by adopting AFRI-4 standards by 2020 and AFRI-5 by 2030, with imports meeting AFRI-4 from 2017 and local refineries given until 2020 to comply. It situates the roadmap within rising clean-product demand, aging vehicle fleets dominated by second-hand cars, and current fuel sulfur levels above targets.  Health evidence cited includes WHO estimates of urban air pollution mortality and a World Bank/ARA finding that $4.96 billion in refinery upgrades could avoid over $32 billion in health costs over ten years. The plan proposes harmonized fuel specifications and vehicle-emission limits, plus aligned taxes, biofuels handling best practice, and distribution infrastructure policies, delivered through a five-month study with staged reports and validation.
NO https://www.unep.org/transport
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 20, 2026