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T1 Trade and Environment Briefings: International Transport - Policy Brief
A1 International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A1 International Trade Centre, 
K1 transport
K1 green economy
K1 international trade
K1 Clean fuels
K1 Pollution
K1 Trade
PB International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development
SN 1816-6970
YR 2012
FD 2012-06
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/25952
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/25952
NO This policy brief outlines how international aviation and maritime shipping drive trade whilst contributing significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions. It evaluates market-based instruments, carbon taxes, and operational standards aimed at climate change mitigation, noting that regulation would support a green economy transition but could potentially lead to higher global transport costs. This creates complex implications for trade and equity, particularly for remote Small Island Developing States with large trade exposures. Key findings show that transport emissions are rising rapidly, yet establishing a comprehensive international agreement remains slow due to debates over equity and common responsibility.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 18, 2026