RT null T1 Background document on Energy Southern perspective A1 Institute for Research in Sustainable Energy and Development, A1 United Nations Environment Programme, YR 2005 FD 2005-10-01 LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/13207 UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/13207 NO This document examines the role of renewable energy in supporting sustainable development, with a focus on developing countries and their energy, environmental, and socio-economic challenges. It outlines the growing demand for energy alongside concerns over fossil fuel depletion, environmental degradation, and unequal energy access. The document reviews key renewable sources, including biomass, hydropower, wind, and solar, assessing their benefits, limitations, and implementation barriers. It also considers clean fossil fuel technologies and emerging options such as hydrogen. The analysis highlights financial, institutional, and policy constraints, emphasising the importance of investment, market development, stakeholder participation, and government frameworks in advancing sustainable energy systems. NO https://www.unep.org/civil-society DS UN Environment Document Repository RD Sep 23, 2026