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T1 AMAP Assessment 2015: Black Carbon and Ozone as Arctic Climate Forcers
A1 Arctic Council, 
A2 Quinn, Patricia K.
A2 Stohl, Andreas
A2 Arnold, Steve
A2 Baklanov, Alexander
A2 Berntsen, Terje K.
A2 Christensen, Jesper H.
A2 Eckhardt, Sabine
A2 Flanner, Mark
A2 Klimont, Zbigniew
A2 Korsholm, Ulrik Smith
A2 Kupiainen, Kaarle
A2 Langner, Joakim
A2 Law, Kathy
A2 Monks, Sarah
A2 von Salzen, Knut
A2 Sand, Maria
A2 Schmale, Julia
A2 Vestreng, Vigdis
K1 Arctic
K1 Polar region
SN 978-82-7971-092-9
YR 2015
FD 2015
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/7494
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/7494
NO This document presents a scientific assessment by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme of how black carbon and tropospheric ozone, together with co-emitted particulate and gas-phase species, influence Arctic climate. It compiles evidence from monitoring records, field campaigns, and published studies, and applies global and regional chemical transport and climate models to represent emissions, atmospheric transport, seasonal distributions, trends, radiative forcing, and equilibrium temperature response under multiple emission scenarios. The assessment reports substantial methodological uncertainty in measuring black carbon, highlights declining haze-season concentrations at several long-term sites, and estimates that present-day black carbon drives Arctic warming through both atmospheric absorption and deposition on snow and ice. Model experiments indicate aggressive mitigation from 2016 could reduce mid-century Arctic warming by several tenths of a degree, while cloud-related aerosol effects remain highly uncertain.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 19, 2026