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T1 Threats posed to Marine Life in the Western Indian Ocean from Anthropogenic Ocean Noise and Shipping, including Ship strikes: Wildlife Conservation Society
A1 Wildlife Conservation Society, 
A1 Western Indian Ocean Program, 
K1 Indian Ocean region
K1 shipping policy
K1 noise pollution
K1 marine pollution
PB United Nations Environment Programme
YR 2018
FD 2018
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/25668
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/25668
NO Questions and concerns about the effects of human introduction of noise into the marine environment on increasingly large scales are well-founded. Major progress has been made in understanding how animals hear and may be impacted by noise. While overall amplitude is clearly relevant in terms of how sounds in the ocean may affect animals, other aspects of sound, such as frequency, directionality, duration, novelty, and other factors can be as or even more important (e.g., Ellison et al., 2012).
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 22, 2026