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T1 Strategic Action Plan for Land-Based Sources and Activities Affecting the Marine, Coastal and Associated Fresh Water Environment in the Eastern African Region
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
K1 coastal area
K1 East Africa
K1 economic aspect
K1 climate
K1 ecosystem
K1 environmental degradation
K1 pollution
K1 Indian Ocean region
K1 sewage
K1 industrial waste
K1 livestock
K1 Madagascar
K1 Kenya
K1 Comoros
K1 Mauritius
K1 Mozambique
K1 sewage treatment plant
K1 Seychelles
K1 United Republic of Tanzania
K1 Zanzibar
K1 tourism
K1 marine ecosystem
K1 agriculture
K1 mining
K1 hazardous waste
YR 1999
FD 1999
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/30126
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/30126
NO This document sets a Strategic Action Plan for the Western Indian Ocean Islands and Eastern Africa, built on national assessments of land-based sources that degrade marine, coastal, and associated freshwater systems. It identifies domestic sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff and sediments, solid wastes, saline intrusion, and habitat modification as priority pressures affecting reefs, mangroves, seagrasses, fisheries, and public health. It traces underlying constraints to weak legal and institutional coordination, poor enforcement, and limited capacity. The response is organized into seven themes: priority source control; integrated river-basin and groundwater management; legal and institutional reform; capacity building; monitoring and assessment; education and participation; and integrated coastal policy guidelines. Implementation is assigned to a Regional Coordinating Unit, supported by regional activity centers and a small core team to develop project proposals across the seven themes.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 19, 2026