RT Report
T1 Implementation of the GPA at Regional Level: The Role of Regional Seas Conventions and their Protocols
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A2 Vinogradov, Sergei
A2 Kirk, A.
A2 Emeseh, Engobo
K1 pollution
K1 marine environment
K1 coastal environment
K1 marine pollution
K1 persistent organic pollutant
K1 radioactive pollutant
K1 litter
K1 sediment mobilisation
K1 nutrient
K1 oil
SN 92-807-2709-5
YR 2006
FD 2006
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/12478
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/12478
NO The review highlights the role of international law in supporting sustainable ocean development and prevention of marine pollution from activities on land. It demonstrates increasingly close interaction between binding and non-binding instruments and differences in implementation in various regions. LBSA Protocols are covered as a way of translating the GPA in the framework of regional seas conventions. The GPA recommendations are compared to key features of LBSA Protocols. The report describes how the GPA source categories – sewage, persistent organic pollutants, radioactive substances, heavy metals, oils, nutrients, sediment mobilization, litter and physical alteration and destruction of habitats – are addressed. It looks also at how elements such as funding mechanisms, capacity building, monitoring and assessment and international and regional cooperation are taken into consideration in LBSA Protocols.  This report is addressed not only to legal professionals, but also to international institutions, government agencies and individuals involved in marine environment and resources. The UNEP/GPA Coordination Office and its partners are pleased to provide this analysis and hope that it is a useful guide to further regional implementation of the GPA.
NO https://www.unep.org/regionalseas/
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 16, 2026