RT Report
T1 Combating Oil Pollution in the Kuwait Action Plan Region: UNEP  Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 44
A1 International Maritime Organization, 
A2 Astley, W.K.M.
A2 Wilson, K.
A2 Al-Qatari, Khalid
K1 environmental analysis
K1 sea level
K1 environmental aspect
PB United Nations Environment Programme
YR 1984
FD 1984
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/11848
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/11848
NO This paper reviews the behaviour, sources, impacts, and management of petroleum pollution in the marine environment, with a primary focus on oil spills and operational discharges. It outlines physical and chemical processes affecting spilled oil, including dispersion and emulsification, and evaluates offshore and shoreline clean-up techniques based on practical effectiveness. The document also examines containment strategies, particularly the use of barriers, and highlights operational constraints. It incorporates empirical data, including global estimates of petroleum inputs and risk analyses of tanker spills and blow-outs, to assess pollution sources and probabilities. Additionally, it addresses regulatory frameworks, organisational response capacity, and logistical considerations influencing spill response and environmental protection outcomes.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 17, 2026