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T1 Blockchain for Sustainable Energy and Climate in the Global South: Use Cases and Opportunities
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A2 Angarita, Rafael
A2 Baumann, Tom
A2 Chávez, Carlos
A2 De Mello, Jonathas
A2 Fines Schlumberger, Jacques-André
A2 Floyd, Hayden Postle
A2 Foo, Sheryl
A2 Green, Jemma
A2 Khvatsky, Jenya
A2 Kawabata, Toyo
A2 Kilic, Sila
A2 Lin, Neo
A2 Manthey, Nicholas
A2 Mihaylov, Mihail
A2 Miller, Doug
A2 Mouli, Lathika Chandra
A2 Nellore, Sai Kishore
A2 PS, Vignesh
A2 Ridthichai Thorne, Supharat
A2 Ruslanova, Meerim
A2 Symes, Thomas
A2 Tiwari, Vinod
A2 Wainstein, Martin
K1 blockchain technology
K1 sustainable energy
K1 climate
K1 electricity
K1 renewable energy source
K1 solar energy
K1 carbon
K1 Chile
K1 developing country
K1 East Africa
YR 2022
FD 2022-01
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/38048
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/38048
NO This report examines the potential and limitations of blockchain technology for advancing sustainable energy and climate action in developing regions, with a focus on the Global South. It outlines how distributed ledger systems can support decentralized energy systems, climate finance, carbon markets, and digital measurement, reporting, and verification processes by improving transparency, traceability, and transaction efficiency. Drawing on multiple case studies, the report reviews applications in renewable energy trading, clean energy financing, carbon offsetting, and data governance. It also identifies persistent challenges, including weak digital infrastructure, limited data quality, low digital literacy, high energy consumption of some blockchain systems, and regulatory uncertainty. The report situates blockchain as an enabling but not standalone solution, emphasizing the importance of supportive policies, human-centered design, and local capacity development.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 23, 2026