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T1 Assessment of Climate Risks and Adaptation Options for Carpathian Forest Ecosystems and their Services
A1 Secretariat of the Carpathian Convention, 
K1 Climate Action
YR 2025
FD 2025-12
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/49046
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/49046
NO Forest ecosystems are a precious ecological, economic and cultural resource in the Carpathian region. The Carpathians are home to over 200 plant species that are endemic to only this region and contain Europe’s largest concentration of virgin, quasi-virgin and natural forests. Because these forests are largely inaccessible and contain large, uninterrupted expanses, they provide refuge for populations of large European mammalian species, such as the lynx, river otter, grey wolf, woodland bison, red deer, moose and brown bear. Carpathian forests are vulnerable to disrupted ecological processes, species interactions and overall ecosystem dynamics as a result of historical forest management and climate change. Carpathian forests bear the legacy of a long history of intensive production-driven management since the 19th century, making them more vulnerable to large-scale tree mortality and dieback. Extensive deforestation from large-scale timber extraction and clearing for agriculture was common, and even-aged, plantation style forest management practices homogenized the forest structure and composition.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 16, 2026