RT null T1 Participatory IWRM for Adapting to Unreliable Rainfall and Preventing Conflicts through Good Governance in North Darfur, Sudan A1 United Nations Environment Programme, K1 water management K1 climate change adaptation K1 conflict management K1 governance K1 Sudan K1 case study YR 2022 FD 2022-11 LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/41112 UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/41112 NO The Wadi El Ku catchment area, covering some 26,000 km² (slightly smaller than the size of Belgium) of the Sahel region of Darfur, Sudan, and receivingan annual average rainfall of just around 220 mm (far below the world average of 990 mm), has been subject to an amalgam of climate impacts,including highly erratic and decreasing rainfall. This climatic instability, along with a range of fragility-related factors, has led to a breakdown in rain-fedpastoral and farming livelihoods and thus decreasing social cohesion with several outbreaks of violence between herders and farmers since the 1980s. DS UN Environment Document Repository RD Sep 16, 2026