RT null
T1 Antifouling Paints, Biocides and Marine Pollution
A2 Besançon, Marion
K1 biocide
YR 2018
FD 2018
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/33327
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/33327
NO This document outlines the use of antifouling paints on ship hulls, their biocidal mechanisms, and associated environmental and health risks. It explains that biocides leach into seawater to deter fouling organisms but can cause abnormalities, imposex, and mortality in marine life, and toxicity or carcinogenicity for humans. It identifies poor careening practices and illegal products as additional pollution sources. It summarizes French measures under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive to equip marinas with treatment systems and to pursue biocide-free alternatives, given costs and leakage concerns. It catalogs non-biocidal coatings, physical and preventive methods, and emerging technologies, and proposes regional cooperation to align best practices and authorizations.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 19, 2026