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T1 Waste Audit Manual
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
K1 sustainable development
K1 industrial development
K1 sustainable production
K1 industrial technology
K1 industrial waste
PB United Nations Industrial Development Organization
PB United Nations Environment Programme
SN 92-807-1317-5
YR 1991
FD 1991
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/31096
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/31096
NO This manual provides a practical, step-by-step methodology for conducting industrial waste audits to support waste minimisation and improved environmental management. It explains the stages of audit planning, pre-assessment, process mapping, material balance analysis, waste and emission identification, evaluation of waste reduction opportunities, economic assessment, implementation of action plans, and performance monitoring. The manual also describes data collection methods, audit organisation, and reporting procedures, and includes detailed industrial case studies from the brewing, leather tanning, and printed circuit board manufacturing sectors to demonstrate the application of waste audit techniques and material balance methods in identifying practical opportunities for reducing waste generation and improving process efficiency.
NO AcknowledgementsForewordChapter 1: Introduction to Waste AuditingQuick Reference Audit GuideChapter 2: The Audit ProcedurePhase 1: PreassessmentStep 1: Audit Focus and PreparationStep 2: Listing Unit OperationsStep 3: Constructing Process Flow DiagramsPhase 2: Material Balance: Process Inputs and OutputsStep 4: Determining InputsStep 5: Recording Water UsageStep 6: Measuring Current Levels of Waste Reuse/RecyclingStep 7: Quantifying Process OutputsStep 8: Accounting for WastewaterStep 9: Accounting for Gaseous EmissionsStep 10: Accounting for Off-site WastesStep 11: Assembling Input and Output Information for Unit OperationsStep 12: Deriving a Preliminary Material Balance for Unit OperationsStep 13: Evaluating the Material BalanceStep 14: Refining the Material BalancePhase 3: SynthesisStep 15: Examining Obvious Waste Reduction MeasuresStep 16: Targeting and Characterizing Problem WastesStep 17: SegregationStep 18: Developing Long-Term Waste Reduction OptionsStep 19: Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Waste Reduction OptionsStep 20: Developing and Implementing an Action Plan: Reducing Wastes and Increasing Production EfficiencyChapter 3: Case StudiesCase Study 1: Beer ProductionCase Study 2: Leather ManufactureCase Study 3: Printed Circuit Board ManufactureAppendix 1: Quick Reference Audit GuideAppendix 2: GlossaryAppendix 3: References
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 22, 2026