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T1 Atmospheric Brown Clouds: Emission Inventory Manual
A1 Asian Institute of Technology, 
A2 Shrestha, Ram
A2 Oanh, Nguyen
A2 Shrestha, Rajendra
A2 Rajbhandari, Salony
A2 Permadi, Didin Agustian
A2 Kanabkaew, Thongchai
K1 emission inventory
K1 air pollutant
K1 combustion
K1 forest fire
K1 solid waste management
K1 solvent
SN 978-92-807-3325-9
YR 2013
FD 2013
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/21482
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/21482
NO Atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) are widespread layers of regional scale plumes of air pollution consisting of a mixture of anthropogenic sulfate, nitrate, organics, black carbon, dust, and fly ash particles. Recent scientific findings suggest that the impacts of ABCs, which include short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) such as black carbon and tropospheric ozone, have reached a critical point that raises the need for urgent action. An Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC) study published in 2010 (Ramanathan and Xu, 2010) showed that mitigation of all four SLCPs (black carbon, methane, ozone precursors, and HFCs) using maximum available technologies will reduce global warming by 0.6 degree C by 2050. Prompted by this finding and other scientific studies, UNEP commissioned a global assessment of black carbon and tropospheric ozone. The UNEP report was published in 2011. It confirmed the ABC study and suggested that widespread and swift implementation of a small number of already available mitigation measures targeting black carbon and methane emissions will decrease global warming by 0.5 degree C. The report also showed that measures to control SLCPs can prevent crops losses of 30 to 140 million tons and some 0.7 to 4.6 million premature deaths globally. Those regions that cut down significant levels of emissions will benefit most.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 22, 2026