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T1 South China Sea: GIWA Regional Assessment 54
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A1 University of Kalmar, 
A2 Wilkinson, C.
A2 DeVantier, L.
A2 Talaue-McManus, L.
A2 Lawrence, D.
A2 Souter, D.
K1 natural resource
K1 resource conservation
K1 resource management
K1 water
K1 water analysis
K1 water conservation
K1 water consumption
K1 water demand
K1 water management
K1 water monitoring
K1 water protection
K1 water quality
K1 water resource
K1 water utilisation
K1 environmental assessment
K1 freshwater conservation
K1 freshwater degradation
K1 freshwater ecosystem
K1 freshwater monitoring
K1 freshwater pollution
K1 freshwater resource
K1 pollution control
K1 pollution cost
K1 water pollution
K1 environmental conservation
K1 environmental impact
K1 environmental impact assessment
K1 environmental protection
K1 coast protection
K1 coastal area
K1 coastal ecosystem
K1 coastal environment
K1 coastal pollution
K1 coastal water
K1 marine conservation area
K1 marine ecosystem
K1 sea resource
K1 sea water protection
K1 coastal fishing
K1 coastal management
K1 river basin development
K1 river management
K1 water resources conservation
K1 water resources development
K1 transboundary pollution
K1 environmental pollution
SN 1651-940X
YR 2005
FD 2005
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/8816
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/8816
NO This report presents the GIWA assessment of the South China Sea region, which lies in the global centre of tropical marine biodiversity and comprises nine nations: China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and the Philippines. The region supports a rapidly growing coastal population, and has rapidly deteriorating marine ecosystems with the likely immediate collapse of many of its coral reefs and pelagic fish populations. Habitat modification and overexploitation of living resources were found to cause the most severe transboundary environmental and socio-economic impacts in the region. The past and present status and future prospects of these issues are discussed, and they are traced back to their root causes. Policy options to mitigate these problems are proposed that aim to provide solutions to these fundamental issues, in order to enhance the management of the region's aquatic environment.
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 19, 2026