RT Report
T1 Inclusive Wealth of Pakistan: The Case for Investing in Natural Capital and Restoration
A1 United Nations Environment Programme, 
A2 Managi, Shunsuke
A2 Islam, Moinul
A2 Zhang, Bingqi
A2 Holmes, Amelia
A2 Khurshid, Muhammad
A2 Kumar, Pushpam
K1 natural resource
K1 sustainable consumption
K1 capital asset
K1 economic growth
K1 Pakistan
K1 wealth
K1 non-renewable resource
K1 renewable resource
K1 land
K1 national account
K1 regional account
K1 economic development
SN 978-92-807-3866-7
YR 2021
FD 2021
LK https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/36257
UL https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/36257
NO This report provides state of art analysis of the productive base of the economy since 1990. It estimates all capital stocks at the regional level for Pakistan, and as such, provides a holistic measure of sustainability. The analysis in The Inclusive Wealth of Pakistan: The Case for Investing in Natural Capital and Restoration has provided Pakistan with a holistic, wealth-based framework for measuring economic progress. It highlights successes in human and natural capital investment, including the TBTTP, which are key to measuring the sustainable development of Pakistan’s society and economy. Three key messages arise from the report’s analysis: 1. When making policy decisions that promote sustainability, it is crucial to understand the trade-offs, which that occur both temporally and across types of asset bases (i.e. capital stocks). 2. When weighing decisions on investment and navigating trade-offs, social prices of assets, including natural capital, must be understood in addition to market prices. 3. Inclusive Wealth of Pakistan is a great leap forwardtowards measuring the contribution of natural resources and systems like expanded forest area, and the health and well-being of human societies. With the combination of the systematic measurement of natural assets, natural capital accounts and the continued focus on restoration as a priority within economic policy, Pakistan is well-placed to be a pioneer in both restoration initiatives and the incorporation of natural capital in the country’s wealth management. Both are cornerstones of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
DS UN Environment Document Repository
RD Sep 18, 2026