Implementing the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance - Second Quadripartite Biennial Report

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a growing threat to human health, animal health, agriculture, food production and ecosystems worldwide. Recent evidence shows that bacterial AMR was associated with an estimated 4.71 million deaths in 2021 and directly attributed to 1.14 million deaths. Cumulative forecasts for the period 2025–2050 suggest that 39.1 million deaths will be attributable to AMR and 169 million deaths associated with AMR. The economic impact is also significant: estimates suggest that treating drug-resistant bacterial infections could cost up to 412 billion dollars annually, with an additional 443 billion in workforce and productivity losses projected over the next decade. The impacts of bacterial AMR are projected to cause animal production losses of 953 billion dollars by 2050. This is the second biennial progress report jointly produced by the quadripartite. Exceptionally, the report is based on data for 2022–2024 to align it with future biennial reporting. It provides a summary of progress made in addressing AMR during 2022–2024 and highlights areas of progress or challenges in implementation of AMR national action plans (NAPs), derived from analysis of data from the annual Tracking AMR Country Self-assessment Survey (TrACSS).