Planning action on nature: Using spatial planning approaches to implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework - Conceptual guidelines

The aim of this report is to demonstrate how spatial planning approaches can be used to support the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework specifically focusing on the marine realm. Practical evidence, derived from case studies, of how spatial planning, such as marine spatial planning or integrated coastal zone management, can contribute to solving issues relevant to the targets is provided. Spatial planning approaches provide a practical framework through which to identify and address the interconnections between different targets, potentially helping to streamline efforts to deliver against the wider global biodiversity framework. The report focusses on the following targets in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework illustrating those that are directly relevant to spatial planning and those which may have a less obvious link.