The Open Ocean: Status and Trends - Summary for Policy Makers

This summary for policy makers report examines the status and trends of the global open ocean under the United Nations Environment Programme Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme. It synthesises indicators, expert assessments and projections across governance, climate change, ecosystems, fisheries and pollution, using observational data and modelling. Findings show warming, acidification, deoxygenation, declining fish productivity and rising sea level risks, alongside fragmented governance and monitoring gaps across transboundary ocean systems globally.